home
edited
... Super Volcano {admination.gif} {admination.gif}
Contents
YellowStone National Park
…
...
Super Volcano {admination.gif} {admination.gif}
Contents
YellowStone National Park
...
On a more general overview of economic impacts, there would be a wider negative effect on the US as a whole, with the economic damage they would have to incurr as so much damage and destruction would take place, that it would take millions and most likely billions to rebuild.
Enviromental Impacts Human history is yet to see a volcanic eruption on such a scale as the Yellowstone caldera would produce. Environmentally, such a large scale eruption could; have massive consequences and put the Earth’s general population in danger. The eruption of the Indonesian super-volcano, Tuba, approximately 75,000 years ago produced around 2800 cubic kilometres of ash, drastically reducing temperature and thus decreasing the world’s population. The eruption of Yellowstone is predicted to
exceed the effects of Tuba.(Shabna, 2006)
{http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1845/2073/F6.large.jpg} (http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1845/2073/F6.large.jpg) the effects of supervolcanic eruption on the atmospher through the release of sulphur dioxide.
Human history is yet to see a volcanic eruption on such a scale as the Yellowstone caldera would produce. Environmentally, such a large scale eruption could; have massive consequences and put the Earth’s general population in danger. The eruption of the Indonesian super-volcano, Tuba, approximately 75,000 years a
go produced around 2800 cubic kilometres of ash, drastically reducing temperature and thus decreasing the world’s population. The eruption of Yellowstone is predicted to
exceed the effects of Tuba.(Shabna, 2006)
An eruption the size of Yellowstone is estimated to cover 1,000km3(approx) in ash. Covering a area the size of North America 100mm thick. Volcanic ash of around 10mm thick can kill flora on a ground level, and acid rain as a result of the eruption can kill trees, which in turn detroys habits for animals. This means Yellowstone’s eruption would destroy a large the majority of the wildlife in North America.(Morgan et al, 2007
Volcanic eruptions produce large amounts of sulphur dioxide (So2), which mixes with oxygen in the atmosphere to create sulphuric acid (H2SO4) particles. At the right atmospheric conditions this H2SO4 absorbs the sun’s radiation causing the atmosphere to cool (self, 2006). The eruption of Mt. Pinatubo(1991) caused a drop in temperature in 1.3 degrees and was only a 6(VEI) (Shabna, 2006). With Yellowstone being an 8 the effects would be much larger.
{vei.jpg} Volcanic Explosivity Index: Yellowstone is classed 8- Megacollosal(http://www.almanac.com/sites/new.almanac.com/files/VolcanicEruptions.jpg)
Conclusion
Monitoring of the super volcano is very important, there is still various activities happening around the super volcano. Despite Yellowstone’s long period of volcanic dormancy over 70000 years, there are still thousands of earthquakes. There are a range of signals which can be monitored; The monitoring system of the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory is designed to listen to these signals, to see how they relate to each other, and to provide adequate characterization of background activity. It is not thought that the super volcano will erupt in our time but it is predicted that sometime within the next hundred thousand years, the Earth will almost certainly experience another super-eruption but the eruption will be greater than seen in man-kind and no one will know the scale until it happens. ( Lowerstern,B,J. 2006)
References
home
edited
... Super Volcano {admination.gif} {admination.gif}
Contents
YellowStone National Park
…
...
Super Volcano {admination.gif} {admination.gif}
Contents
YellowStone National Park
...
Volcanic eruptions produce large amounts of sulphur dioxide (So2), which mixes with oxygen in the atmosphere to create sulphuric acid (H2SO4) particles. At the right atmospheric conditions this H2SO4 absorbs the sun’s radiation causing the atmosphere to cool (self, 2006). The eruption of Mt. Pinatubo(1991) caused a drop in temperature in 1.3 degrees and was only a 6(VEI) (Shabna, 2006). With Yellowstone being an 8 the effects would be much larger.
Conclusion
Monitoring of the super volcano is very important, there is still various activities happening around the super volcano. Despite Yellowstone’s long period of volcanic dormancy over 70000 years, there are still thousands of earthquakes. There are a range of signals which can be monitored; The monitoring system of the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory is designed to listen to these signals, to see how they relate to each other, and to provide adequate characterization of background activity. It is not thought that the super volcano will erupt in our time but it is predicted that sometime within the next hundred thousand years, the Earth will almost certainly experience another super-eruption but the eruption will be greater than seen in man-kind and no one will know the scale until it happens. ( Lowerstern,B,J. 2006)
References
home
edited
... Enviromental Impacts
Conclusion
References
Yellowstone National Park
Yellowstone Nation…
...
Enviromental Impacts
Conclusion
References
Yellowstone National Park
Yellowstone National Park (est. 1872) and is situated in Wyoming(96%), Montana(3%) and Idaho(1%), USA . It 3468 square mile area is home to many lakes, canyons, rivers and mountain ranges. Yellowstone National park includes the Yellowstone Caldera, the largest super volcano on the continent. Within the volcano mouth there is one of the largest high altitude lakes, Yellowstone Lake, around 400 feet deep with 110 miles of shoreline, with an elevation of 7,733 feet above sea level. The park has over 10,000 thermal features and more than 300 geysers. (National Park Service 2008) & (Yellowstonenationalpark.com 1999)
home
edited
... Should the Yellowstone supervolcano happen to erupt anytime within our lifetimes, we could see…
...
Should the Yellowstone supervolcano happen to erupt anytime within our lifetimes, we could see various social impacts occur, mostly including largescale death tolls and damage to a large area of North America (plus surrounding areas).
Many scientists believe that if the volcano were to erupt (in such a way like it did 2.1 million, 1.3 million and 650,000 years ago) an extensive area of western and central USA would be destroyed in ways unimaginable to human memory so far.
{ynpmap.jpg} http://www.unmuseum.org/supervol.htm An image showing the Magma Chamber of YellowStone
The above image shows the sheer extensity of the magma chamber laying beneath yellowstone (with it almost stretching the width of the national park). This gives some idea of how large a catastrophe such an eruption should cause. (Krystek, L. 2004)
Economic Impacts
...
Shabna, E, J. (2006) Yellowstone eruption threatens nine-tenths of Earth's inhabitants. 4ecotips [online] http://www.4ecotips.com/eco/article_show.php?aid=719&id=288
[accessed 31/10/10]
Lowenstern, B, J. Smith, B, R. Hill, P, D (2006) Monitoring super-volcanoes: geophysical and geochemical signals at Yellowstone and other large caldera systems. http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/364/1845/2055.full [ accessed 8/11/2010]